MUGHALS RE-ESTABLISHED
       

    
   In February 1555,Humayun captured Lahore and
then occupied Delhi.Thus he got back partially what he had lost
due to his weakness.He appointed his son Akbar as governor of the
Punjab and left his gallant general Bairam Khan to assist the
young prince. However Humayun could not enjoy his success for a
longer time.On January 24, 1556, Humayun fell from the staircase
of his library in Delhi and died. His son Akbar, who was only
thirteen years old at that time, succeeded him. In 1542,during
his wanderings in the deserts of Sind,Humayun married Hamida Banu
Begum, daughter of Shaikh Ali Ambar Jaini,who had been an
instructor to Humayun's brother Hindal. Humayun's son Akbar was
born on November 23, 1542.When Humayun met with an accidental
death on January 24,1556,Akbar was then in Punjab along with his
guardian and tutor Bairam Khan. Akbar was camping at Kalanaur in
the Gurdaspur district in pursuit of Sikander Suri.And on
February 14,1556 Bairam Khan formally proclaimed Akbar as the
successor of Humayun.Akbar was just thirteen when he ascended the
throne.At the time of Akbar's accession to the throne,the Mughal
rule was confined to Kabul,Kandhahar and parts of Punjab and
Delhi.He was surrounded by enemies.On one side,Sikander Suri was
threatening to recover the Punjab and in the north- west,Mirza
Muhammad Hakim,Akbar's half-brother,governed Kabul almost
independently.Adil Shah Suri was trying to re-establish his
authority over the whole of northern India.Adil Shah's minister
Hemu had occupied Agra and Delhiand declared himself independent
under the title Vikramaditya The Rajput princes had asserted
their independence in Rajputana, Orissa, Malwa, Gujarat and
Gondwana (in modern Madhya Pradesh).In the Deccan the Bahamani
kingdom had broken up into five independent Sultanates and the
Vijayanagar kingdom in the extreme south was still
independent.The Portuguese had established their influence on the
western coast by the possession of Goa and Diu. However Akbar
faced all these situations very bravely and with the help of
Bairam Khan succeeded in establishing a vast and consolidated
Mughal empire.To begin with,Akbar had had to fight Hemu.Both
sides met on the famous field of Panipat in 1556.Hemu with a
large army including 1,500 war elephants had initial success.But
the day was decided when the arrow struck Hemu in the eye.He lost
consciousness and so his soldiers deprived of the the leader,
dispersed in confusion.Hemu was put to death.This battle is known
as Second Battle of Panipat and is an epoch-making event in the
history of India as it resulted in re-establishment of the Mughal
empire in India.Sikander Sur surrendered himself to the Mughalsin 1557.

   
    |PALAS|   |PRATIHARAS|    |RASHTRAKUTAS|   
 
    |MUSLIM INVASION|   |DELHI SULTANATE|    |SLAVE DYNASTY|    
 
    |KHILJIS|     |TUGHLAKS|     |TIMUR|      |SAYYADS|     |LODHIS|   

    |VIJAYANAGARA |      |BAHAMANI|     |BHAKTI MOVEMENT |     |SUFISM|     
 
    |MUGHALS|      |SHERSHAH|    |SIKH POWER|