MUGHALS
       

    
   Medieval: Babur rules the Whole of North India The period
between 1526 and 1707 is known as the Mughal period in Indian
History.The Mughal rule was established in India by Zahiruddin
Muhammad Babur in 1526. As a result of the Battle of Panipat in
1526,Babur became the ruler of Delhi and Agra.He now had to fight
against two other enemies,the Afghan nobles of Bihar and
Bengal,and the Rajputs under Rana Sanga of Mewar.Babur sent his
nobles to unconquered parts of the country to expel the Afghans
chiefs from there,while he was engaged in collecting the
resources to wage a war against the Rajputs.Rana Sanga was a
brave warrior.He was joined by some Muslim supporters of the Lodi
dynasty.He marched with an army of 120 chiefs,80,000 horses and
500 war elephants, and the rulers of Ajmer,Gwalior,Amber,Marwar
against Babur.Babur's army was comparatively small and were
struck with terror and panic.So Babur appealed to his men to
fight bravely.His men promised to support him.The Mughals and the
Rajputs met in the decisive battle of Khanwa in on March 16,
1527.The Rajputs fought bravely but Babur used the same tactics
that he used in the battle of Panipat and thus defeated the
Rajputs.Rana Sanga escaped with the help of some of the followers
but died after about two years.This victory facilitated Babur's
task as it enabled him to establish the rule of the Mughals in
India. Babur defeated the Afghans Chiefs then he turned to the
them who had formed a confederacy against him under the Ibrahim
Lodi's brother Mahmud Lodi.He met the Afghans on the banks of
Ghagra, near the confluence of that river with the Ganga above
Patna.Babur defeated the Afghans on May 6,1529. Thus as a result
of these three victorious battle (Battle of Panipat,Battle of
Khanwar and Battle of Ghagra),Babur became the master of the
whole of northern India.Agra became the capital of Babur's
empire. Medieval: 1530-1540: Rule of Humayun after Babur Early
times of Humayun In 1530, after the death of Babur, his elder son
Humayun succeeded the throne.At the age of twenty-three,Humayun
became the ruler of the Mughal empire in India.The conditions
were not easy for Humayun.There were many enemies in disguise.His
own cousins were pretenders to the throne. Humayun's three
brothers - Kamran,Hindal and Askari - also coveted the throne.
Also, the empire left by Babur was not a consolidated one. This
left Humayun with many difficulties. The growing power of Gujarat
under Bahadur Shah was a great threat to Humayun.Bahadur Shah,who
had won a great victory over the Rajputs, was now making plans to
invade Agra.The Afghans of Bihar and Bengal found a new leader in
Sher Khan and were trying to regain their lost power. Humayun
himself was his worst enemy.He was neither a gifted general nor a
wise statesman.He was incapable of taking prompt decisions. What
he lacked was the preserverance of his father Babur and thus he
could not pursue his plans with determination. In private life,he
might be a good companion and a staunch friend but as a king he
was a failure. The Early wars of Humayun Humayun was favoured by
fortune.He fought successful wars against Sher Khan and Bhadur
Shah of Gujarat.But he could not remove his enemies from their
roots as he lacked the essential qualities of sustained
effort.Bahadur Shah had given definite provocation to Humayun by
annexing Malwa and besieging the famous fortress of Chitor.In
1534,the Rajputs solicitated Humayun's assistance against Bahadur
Shah.However Humayun ignored their appeal and that was the
biggest blunder he made. Humayun was busy in his campaign against
Bahadur Shah which gave time to Sher Khan to mobilise his forces.

   
    |PALAS|   |PRATIHARAS|    |RASHTRAKUTAS|   
 
    |MUSLIM INVASION|   |DELHI SULTANATE|    |SLAVE DYNASTY|    
 
    |KHILJIS|     |TUGHLAKS|     |TIMUR|      |SAYYADS|     |LODHIS|   

    |VIJAYANAGARA |      |BAHAMANI|     |BHAKTI MOVEMENT |     |SUFISM|     
 
    |SHERSHAH|     |MUGHALS RE-ESTABLISHED|    |SIKH POWER|