SHERSHAH
       

    
   Sher Khan defeated Humayun In 1537, Sher Khan invaded
Bengal.Humayun realised the power of the Afghans too late.
Again,his wrong tactics of war and wrong decisions gave enough
time to Sher Khan for the reduction of Gaur by April 1538.Sher
Khan also captured the fortress of Rohtas.And finally in
1539,Sher Khan was able to defeat Humayun at Chausa (situated
near the boundary of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh). And again in
1540,he defeated Humayun at Kanauj,and went on to capture Delhi
and Agra.Thus Sher Khan re-established the Afghans rule in
Delhi.Humayun was compelled flee from India.In 1542,he reached
Amrakot (in Sind),where Akbar was born in November,1542.At last
Shah Tahmasp I,the ruler of Persia, gave him shelter. Early Days
of Sher Shah Suri 1472 Sher Khan born 1522 Sher Khan took the
service of Bahar Khan 1527 - 1528 Sher Khan served the Babur camp
1534 Sher Khan defeated the Bengal king on the Kiul river 1537
Oct Sher Khan invaded Bengal and besieged the city of Gaur 1539
Sher Khan defeated Humayun at Chausa 1540 Sher Khan defeated
Humayun at Kanauj Farid Khan's Childhood The career of Sher Khan
Suri,the hero of Indo-Muslim revival,is as fascinating as Babur
and not less instructive than Akbar.Sher Khan was born in 1472.
His original name was Farid Khan.Farid's father Hasan Khan was
the jagirdar of Sasaram in Bihar.Hasan was a polygamist and his
second wife had great influence over him. Farid,fed up of his
step-mother's ill-treatment,left home at the age of 22 and went
to Jaunpur.This turn made him pass through many adventures and
struggle.In Jaunpur, he devoted some time to study and very soon
became proficient in Arabic as well as Persian literature.Being
an exceptionally brilliant person, he drew the attention first of
his teachers and then of Jamal Khan,the governor of Jaunpur.Jamal
Khan effected a reconciliation between Farid and his father.He
then returned to Sasaram and administered his father's jagirs for
21 years.He successfully administered the jagirs and came to be
known as a honest and able administrator.This roused his
step-mother's jealousy and once again Farid left Sasaram and went
to Agra.After his father's death,Farid took possession of his
paternal jagirs.In 1522,Farid took the service of Bahar Khan,the
governor of Bihar.His master was impressed by his service and
devotion.Bahar Khan conferred on him the title of Sher Khan for
having shown gallantry in killing a tiger single-handed. Later,
Sher Khan was appointed Vakil (deputy governor) and also a tutor
of BaharKhan's son Jalal Khan. Becomes Virtual Ruler of Bihar
Jealous of Sher Khan's success,his enemies poisoned his master's
mind and he was thus deprived of his father's jagir.He joined the
Babur camp where he served from April 1527 to June 1528.Soon, he
left the Mughals and returned back to Bihar and took over his old
job as a guardian of Jalal Khan. Jalal Khan being a minor,Sher
Khan became the virtual ruler of Bihar. In 1531, Sher Khan
asserted his independence when Humayun was the emperor in
India,The unexpected rise of Sher Khan made the Lohani Afghans
and Jalal khan impatient.They even entered into an alliance with
Muhamud Shah,the king of Bengal.Sher Khan defeated the Bengal
king on the Kiul river in 1534.Later,he invaded Bengal and
Muhamud Shah handed over him a large sum and territory extending
from Kiul to Sakrigali.He then became the independent ruler of
Bihar and Bengal. Becomes the Afghan Ruler in Delhi In October
1537, Sher Khan again invaded Bengal and besieged the city of
Gaur.Humayun realising the strength of the Afghan marched to
oppose Sher Khan in December 1537 and besieged Chunar. However
the brave army of Sher Khan baffled all the attempts of the
assailants for six months which gave all the time to Sher Khan
for reduction of Gaur by April 1538.In 1539 when Humayun marched
towards Bengal,Sher Khan cleverly went and occupied the Mughal
territories in Bihar and Jaunpur.And finally in 1539, Sher Khan
was able to defeat Humayun at Chausa (situated near the boundary
of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh).And again in 1540,he defeated Humayun
at Kanauj,and went on to capture Delhi and Agra.Thus Sher Khan
re-established the Afghans rule in Delhi.Reign of Sher Shah Suri
The Successors of Sher Shah Suri Rulers After the Death of Sher
Shah In 1545, after the accidental death of Sher Shah,his son
Jalal Khan succeeded him. Jalal Khan got the title of Islam
Shah,commonly known as Salim Shah.Islam Shah was as capable as
his father and kept his father's kingdom intact.He followed his
father's reforms and kept the army intact. Unfortunately,he ruled
for only nine years.Following his death in November 1554,disorder
followed. His minor son,Firuz Khan, was murdered by his maternal
uncle,Mubariz Khan,and there was total confusion in the
empire.Mubariz Khan took the throne and assumed the title of
Muhammad Adil Shah. Adil Shah was a worthless ruler.He left the
affairs of the kingdom in the hands of his chief minister
Hemu.Hemu was a capable man but his ambition to seize the throne
did not draw his attention towards the disintegration of the
kingdom.There were revolts in various parts.Sher Shah's nephew
Sikander Sur declared himself independent in the Punjab. 1555:
Humayun re-conquers Delhi This conflicting situation encouraged
Humayun to make an attempt to restore the lost empire after about
fifteen years.He got an army of 14,000 men from Persia and
succeeded in conquering Kabul and Kandhahar with the help of Shah
of Iran in 1545.In November 1554,he marched to reconquer
Hindustan,for which he got an excellent opportunity in the civil
wars among the surs.

   
    |PALAS|   |PRATIHARAS|    |RASHTRAKUTAS|   
 
    |MUSLIM INVASION|   |DELHI SULTANATE|    |SLAVE DYNASTY|    
 
    |KHILJIS|     |TUGHLAKS|     |TIMUR|      |SAYYADS|     |LODHIS|   

    |VIJAYANAGARA |      |BAHAMANI|     |BHAKTI MOVEMENT |     |SUFISM|     
 
    |MUGHALS|      |MUGHALS RE-ESTABLISHED|    |SIKH POWER|